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Broadband,Inc.
〒121-0832
東京都足立区
古千谷本町4-7-9
お問い合わせ
TEL:03-5838-0082
ask@bblaser.com |
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Nd:GdVO4 |
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Abal
OptoTek社 (AOTK)
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Neodymium-doped
Gadolinium Vanadate Crystal (Nd:GdVO4)
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Nd:GdVO4
crystal is an excellent laser host
materials for diode pumped solid state
(DPSS)
lasers as its good physical,
optical and mechanical properties.
Like Nd:YVO4, the Nd:GdVO4
exhibits a larger absorption and
emission cross section compared to
Nd:YAG. In fact, Nd:GdVO4
has a 7-times higher absorption cross
section at 808nm and a 3-times larger
emission cross section at 1.06µm
than does Nd:YAG. Nd:GdVO4
has the additional advantage over
Nd:YVO4 of a much higher
thermal conductivity.
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By
compared Nd:GdVO4 and Nd:YVO4 in a
diode pumped, in each case of cw laser
performance at 1.06µm and 1.34µm
and intracavity doubling with KTP and LBO, the
Nd:GdVO4 had a higher slope
efficiency or optical conversion efficiency
than did Nd:GdVO4.
AOTK
uses the advance Czochralski method technology
to grow Nd:GdVO4 crystal. The
crystal is tetragonal which means that there
are two equivalent "a" directions
and a "c" direction, all mutually
orthogonal. A typical laser rod is oriented
with the rod axis along an a-axis of the
crystal. Maximum absorption of pump light
occurs for polarization along the c-axis.
Nd:GdYVO4 Advanced
Properties
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Good
thermal conductivity
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Large
stimulated emission cross-section at lasing
wavelength
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High
absorption over a wide pumping wavelength
bandwidth
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Low
lasing threshold and high slope efficiency
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Low
threshold and wide absorption peak at pump
wavelength
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Strongly-polarized
laser output
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Low
dependency on pump wavelength
Basic Properties
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Chemical
Formula
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Gd.99Nd.01VO4
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Crystal
Structure
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Tetragonal,
Space group I41/amd
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Lattice
Parameters
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a=b=7.21Å,
c=6.35Å
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Mohs
Hardness
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4.6-5
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Density
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5.47
g/cm3
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Melting
Point
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1780°C
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Optical Properties
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Lasing
Wavelength
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1062.9nm
~1340 nm
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Pump
Wavelength
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808.4nm
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Gain
Bandwidth
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1.3nm
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Refractive
Indexes
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no
= 1.98535,
ne = 2.19813
at 1064 nm
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Emission
Cross-section (near 1064nm)
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7.6×10-19cm2
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Absorption
Cross-section (at 808nm)
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Linewidth
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3
nm
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Polarization
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Parallel
to c-axis
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Upper-state
Lifetime
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95μs
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Gain
Saturation Fluorescence
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37.3mJ/
cm2
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Peak
Absorption Coefficient (near 808nm)
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57cm-1
(doped at 1.0%)
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Thermal
Conductivity <110>
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11.7W/m/K
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Demonstrated Performance in Diode
Pumped Laser Systems
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Laser
Operation
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Output
Wavelength (µm)
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Frequency
Doubler
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Slope
Efficiency (%)
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Max.
Optical Conversion Efficiency (%)
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cw
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1.06
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None
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44.6
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n/a
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cw
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1.06
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None
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42.9
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38.1
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cw
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1.34
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None
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40.2
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n/a
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cw
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0.53
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KTP
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n/a
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21.0
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cw
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0.67
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LBO
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n/a
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2.8
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Q-switched
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1.06
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None
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31.6
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n/a
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Q-switched
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0.53
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KTP
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n/a
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25.0
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Information Regarding Neodymium Laser
Host Crystals
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Laser
Host Crystals
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Nd:GdVO4
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Nd:YVO4
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Nd:YAG
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Laser
Wavelengths
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1062.9
nm
~1340 nm
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1064.3
nm
1342.0 nm
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1064.2
nm
1338.2 nm
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Emission
Bandwidth
(Linewidth at 1064 nm)
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3.0
nm
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0.8 nm
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0.45 nm
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Emission
Cross Section at 1064 nm
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7.6
x 10 -19cm-2
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15.6
x 10-19cm-2
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Parallel
to c-axis
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Parallel
to c-axis
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Unpolarized
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Radiative
Lifetime at 1% Nd Doping
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~
95 µs
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~
100 µs
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230
µs
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Pump
Wavelength
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808.4
nm
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808.5
nm
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807.5
nm
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Peak
Pump Absorption at 1% Doping
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~
57 cm-1
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~
41 cm-1
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Thermal
Conductivity
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11.7
W/m/K
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5.1
W/m/K
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14
W/m/K
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Doping
Concentration Range
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0.1
- 3.0%
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0.1
- 3.0%
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0.1
- 2.0%
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Other
Possible Dopants
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Tm,
Ho, Er
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Tm,
Ho, Er
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Cr,Tm,
Ho, Er,Yb
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Material Properties: Comaring Nd:GdYVO4
and Nd:YVO4
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Laser
Host Crystals
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Nd:GdVO4
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Nd:YVO4
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Crystal
Structure, Space Group
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Tetragonal,
I41/amd
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Tetragonal,
I41/amd
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Lattice
Constants
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a=b=7.21Å,
c=6.35Å
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a=b=7.21Å,
c=6.29Å
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Melting
Temperature
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1780°C
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1825°C
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Thermal
Expansion @25°C
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αa
= 1.5 x 10-6/K
αc
= 7.3 x 10-6/K
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αa
= 4.43 x 10-6CK
αc = 11.4 x 10-6/K
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Specific
Heat @25°C
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32.6
cal/mol K
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24.6
cal/mol K
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dn/dT
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4.7
x10-6/°C
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2.7
x10-6/°C
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Standard Specifications
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Nd
concentrations Range
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0.27at%,
0.3at%, 0.5at%, 1.0at%, 2.0at%,
3.0at%
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Wavefront
Distortion
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<
λ/8 @633 nm
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Scattering
Sites
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invisible,
probed with a He-Ne laser
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Orientation
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A-axis
or C-axis cut, ± 0.2o
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Typical
End-faces
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1)
Plano/Plano
2) Plano/Brewster-cut
3) Brewster-cut/Brewster-cut
4) Other angle-wedge
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Surface
Finish
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10/5
scratch/dig as per MIL-O-13830A
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Flatness
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λ/10
@632.8 nm
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Parallelism
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<
10 arc seconds
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Perpendicularity
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<
5 arc minutes
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Clear
Aperture
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>
Central 90%
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*I)
R1064nm
> 99.8%, T808nm >95%
*II) R1064nm > 99.8%, R532nm
> 99.5%, T808nm > 95%
*III) R1064nm < 0.2%, R808nm
< 0.5%
*IV) R1064nm < 0.15%,
per surface
Note
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Other specifications of Nd:GdVO4
crystals and coatings are available upon
request.
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